Atmospheric recycling of volatiles by pebble-accreting planets — hydrodynamic study

Yu Wang^1,📧, Chris Ormel¹, PingHui Huang^2,3, Rolf Kuiper⁴

¹Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University
²University of Victoria
³Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University
⁴ Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen

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recycling-dominated

Pebble-3.5au

This run reaches a steady state vapor fraction of ~ 1%.

fiducial

This run reaches a steady state vapor fraction of ~ 1.5%.

vapor-dominated

Pebble-5.0au

Characteristic outputs evolving with time. For right panels, the right red axis represents 5.0 and 6.0 au while the black left axis represents 3.5 and 4.0au. Left: clear divergence of R_atm and R_subl. Upper Right: vapor fraction.~ 1% for recycling-dominated runs while > 30% for vapor-dominated run. Bottom right: vapor mass. Circle: total vapor mass in the domain; Star: bound vapor mass within R_atm.